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Does Protein Get Turned into Fat?

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Does Protein Get Turned into Fat? - Thomas DeLauer



Study - JAMA

The purpose of this study was to uncover the role of diet composition in response to overeating and energy dissipation

More specifically, it looked at whether the level of dietary protein affected body composition, weight gain, and/or energy expenditure in subjects randomized to one of three hypercaloric diets: low protein (5%), normal protein (15%), or high protein (25%)

A single-blind, randomized controlled trial of 25 US healthy, weight-stable male and female volunteers, aged 18 to 35 years with a body mass index between 19 and 30.

The first participant was admitted to the inpatient metabolic unit in June 2005 and the last in October 2007.


After consuming a weight-stabilizing diet for 13 to 25 days, participants were randomized to diets containing 5% of energy from protein (low protein), 15% (normal protein), or 25% (high protein), which they were overfed during the last 8 weeks of their 10- to 12-week stay in the inpatient metabolic unit.

Compared with energy intake during the weight stabilization period, the protein diets provided approximately 40% more energy intake, which corresponds to 954 kcal/d (95% CI, 884–1022 kcal/d).

Results

Overeating produced significantly less weight gain in the low protein diet group (3.16 kg; 95% CI, 1.88–4.44 kg) compared with the normal protein diet group (6.05 kg; 95% CI, 4.84–7.26 kg) or the high protein diet group (6.51 kg; 95% CI, 5.23–7.79 kg) (P=.002).

Body fat increased similarly in all 3 protein diet groups and represented 50% to more than 90% of the excess stored calories.

Resting energy expenditure, total energy expenditure, and body protein did not increase during overfeeding with the low protein diet. In contrast, resting energy expenditure (normal protein diet: 160 kcal/d [95% CI, 102–218 kcal/d]; high protein diet: 227 kcal/d [95% CI, 165–289 kcal/d]) and body protein (lean body mass) (normal protein diet: 2.87 kg [95% CI, 2.11–3.62 kg]; high protein diet: 3.18 kg [95% CI, 2.37–3.98 kg]) increased significantly with the normal and high protein diets.




There are two types of amino acid carbon skeletons:

– Glucogenic amino acids have a carbon skeleton that can be metabolically converted to pyruvate or an intermediate of the citric acid cycle. These amino acids can be used to make glucose.


– Ketogenic amino acids have a carbon skeleton that can be metabolically converted to acetyl CoA or acetoacetyl CoA. They cannot be converted into glucose, but can be used to make ketone bodies and fatty acids.

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